网页路由和shiny.router使用方法
作者:赵彦昆
什么是路由?
路由描述的是 URL 与 UI 之间的映射关系,这种映射是单向的,即 URL 变化引起 UI 更新(无需刷新页面)。
route 和router区别
- route就是一条路由,它将一个URL路径和一个函数进行映射,例如
/users -> getAllUsers()
/users/count -> getUsersCount()
,当访问/users
的时候,会执行getAllUsers()
函数;当访问/users/count
的时候,会执行getUsersCount()
函数。 - router 可以理解为一个容器,或者说一种机制,它管理了一组 route。简单来说,route 只是进行了URL和函数的映射。而在当接收到一个URL之后,去路由映射表中查找相应的函数,这个过程是由 router 来处理的。
服务器端路由
- 对于服务器来说,当接收到客户端发来的HTTP请求,会根据请求的URL,来找到相应的映射函数,然后执行该函数,并将函数的返回值发送给客户端。
- 对于最简单的静态资源服务器,可以认为,所有URL的映射函数就是一个文件读取操作。对于动态资源,映射函数可能是一个数据库读取操作,也可能是进行一些数据的处理。
-
route("/", shiny::tags$div(shiny::tags$span("Hello world")))
和route("main", shiny::tags$div(h1("Main page"), p("Lorem ipsum.")))
这里定义了两条路由:当访问/
的时候,会返回一个包含"Hello world"
文本,当访问main
时,返回一个包含一个主标题和一个段落的<div>
元素。
实现shiny的路由包shiny.router
下载和安装
install.packages("shiny.router")
常用函数
(1)change_page
-
说明:向客户端reactive input binding发送一条消息,告诉page.js相应地更新窗口URL,然后告诉客户端shiny的reactive input binding已经更改,router会收到这个变化的通知,
get_page()
等相似函数也会收到该通知。在链接中添加"/#!/"
前缀 -
用法:
change_page(page, session = shiny::getDefaultReactiveDomain(), mode = "push")
# mode ("replace" or "push")
# session指shiny的用户参数
- 示例:
observeEvent(input$go_to_table, {
change_page("table")
})
(2)disable_bootstrap_on_bookmark
-
说明:当用户打开指定的书签时,此函数会动态删除引导依赖项。 它应该插入到引导页面的头部。
-
用法:
disable_bootstrap_on_bookmark(bookmark)
# 在书签上抑制 Bootstrap 依赖项。
- 示例:
observe({
disable_bootstrap_on_bookmark("home_page")
})
(3)get_page
-
说明:该函数提取的是哈希后面的虚拟路径(virtual path)部分。如果输入没有值,即当前页面信息不可用,函数将返回 FALSE。
-
用法:
get_page(session = shiny::getDefaultReactiveDomain())
- 示例:
observe({
get_page(session)
})
(4)get_query_param
-
说明:检索作为请求页面一部分的任何参数的便利函数。返回的参数值来自http::parse_url()也正由于这个原因,只有在url变化后,该函数才能查询在url上变化的参数
-
用法:
get_query_param(field = NULL, session = shiny::getDefaultReactiveDomain())
# field | If provided, retrieve only a param with this name. (Otherwise, return all params)
# session | The Shiny session
- 示例:
observe({
page_size <- get_query_param("pageSize")
})
(5)is_page
-
说明:如果我们不在指定的页面上,告诉反应链停止。这会帮助我们确保不会浪费时间为当前未显示的页面重新渲染UI。
-
用法:
is_page(page, session = shiny::getDefaultReactiveDomain(), ...)
# page 参数: 检查当前页面是否为该页面
- 示例:
observe({
if(is_page("cohort")){
age_1 <- get_query_param("Age")
}
})
(6)route_link
-
说明:链接中添加 "/#!/" 前缀
-
用法:
route_link(path)
- 示例:
menu <- tags$ul(
tags$li(a(class = "item", href = route_link("/"), "Main")),
tags$li(a(class = "item", href = route_link("another"), "Another page")),
)
(7)router_ui
-
说明:创建shiny的ui
-
用法:
router_ui(default, ..., page_404 = page404(), env = parent.frame())
- 示例:
router_ui(
route("table", table$ui(ns("table"))),
route("chart", chart$ui(ns("chart"))),
route("chart", chart$ui(ns("chart"))),
page_404 = page_404$ui(ns("page_404"))
)
(8)router_server
-
说明:设置shiny的主页面的server和环境
-
用法:
router_server(root_page = "/", env = parent.frame())
- 示例:
router_server("Home") # 主页面
Home$server("Home")
cohort$server("cohort")
(9)route
-
说明:创建单独路由
-
用法:
route(path, ui, server = NA)
- 示例:
route("Home", Home$ui(ns("Home")))
(10)parse_url_path
-
说明:提取有关URL路径和跟在问号(?)符号后面的参数的信息。
-
用法:
parse_url_path(url_path)
# 查询的出现在#!的参数可能会导致浏览器刷新
# 返回结果是一个列表,其中包含两个元素:path 和 query。
- 示例:
parse_url_path("?a=1&b=foo")
# $path:这里是一个空字符串,因为在输入的 URL 中没有指定路径部分
$path
[1] ""
# $query:是一个包含参数的列表。在这个例子中,有两个参数:a 和 b。
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
[1] "foo"
parse_url_path("?a=1&b[1]=foo&b[2]=bar/#!/")
$path
[1] ""
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
$query$b$`1`
[1] "foo"
$query$b$`2`
[1] "bar"
parse_url_path("?a=1&b[1]=foo&b[2]=bar/#!/other_page")
$path
[1] "other_page"
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
$query$b$`1`
[1] "foo"
$query$b$`2`
[1] "bar"
parse_url_path("www.foo.bar/#!/other_page")
$path
[1] "other_page"
$query
NULL
parse_url_path("www.foo.bar?a=1&b[1]=foo&b[2]=bar/#!/other")
$path
[1] "other"
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
$query$b$`1`
[1] "foo"
$query$b$`2`
[1] "bar"
parse_url_path("#!/?a=1&b[1]=foo&b[2]=bar")
$path
[1] ""
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
$query$b$`1`
[1] "foo"
$query$b$`2`
[1] "bar"
parse_url_path("www.foo.bar/#!/other?a=1&b[1]=foo&b[2]=bar")
$path
[1] "other"
$query
$query$a
[1] "1"
$query$b
$query$b$`1`
[1] "foo"
$query$b$`2`
[1] "bar"
(11)PAGE_404_ROUTE
-
说明:默认的404页面
-
用法:
PAGE_404_ROUTE
- 示例:
# app/main.R
box::use(
shiny[a, fluidPage, moduleServer, tags, NS],
shiny.router[router_ui, router_server, route, route_link, PAGE_404_ROUTE ],
)
router_ui(
route("/", intro$ui(ns("intro"))),
route("table", table$ui(ns("table"))),
route("chart", chart$ui(ns("chart"))),
page_404 = PAGE_404_ROUTE
)
(12)page404
-
说明:router_ui里的404页面
-
用法:
page404(page = NULL, message404 = NULL)
- 示例:
router_ui(
route("table", table$ui(ns("table"))),
route("chart", chart$ui(ns("chart"))),
page_404 = page_404$ui(ns("page_404"))
)
# app/view/page_404.R
box::use(
shiny[a, div, h1, moduleServer, NS],
shiny.router[route_link],
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
div(
h1("Whoops! Something went wrong!"),
a("Back to home page", href = route_link("/"), class = "btn btn-primary btn-lg")
)
}
实例
(1)创建初始应用程序
install.packages("rhino")
rhino::init("show")
(2)安装并添加依赖项
rhino::pkg_install(c("shiny.router","shiny","UCSCXenaTools","shinyjs","data.table"))
#rhino::pkg_remove()删除包与依赖
(3)填充内容
从UCSCXena下载Lung Cancer (Raponi 2006)的phenotype数据集,处理后转换为RData文件,保存于app/logic/Lung Cancer.RData
# app/logic/aml
# 加载数据文件
a2 <- function() {
name_data <- paste0(getwd(),"/app/logic/Lung Cancer.RData")
load(name_data)
loaded_data <- get("public_clinical") # 请替换为实际的变量名
return(loaded_data)
}
创建首页
# app/view/home.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, NS,tags,icon,tabPanel,br,column,div, tagList,wellPanel,fluidRow,h2,strong,h5],
shiny.router[route_link,change_page],
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
tabPanel("Home1", icon = icon("house"),
column(2),
column(8, tags$h2(
strong("Welcome to the Show!", style = "font-size: 1.5em;")
)),
column(2),
br(),
fluidRow(
br(),
br(),
br(),
column(2),
column(6, tagList(
wellPanel(h5("Guide",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"),
align = "left"),
wellPanel(h5("RECENT CONTENTS",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"),
align = "left"),
wellPanel(h5("Citation",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"), align = "left"))))),
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
})}
cohort页面,使用a2函数读取数据
# app/view/cohort.R
# app/view/cohort.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, NS, fluidRow,column, tags, observeEvent,actionButton, observe,tagList,h3, wellPanel, br, selectInput, h5, p, reactive],
shiny.router[route_link, get_query_param, parse_url_path,change_page,router_server,get_page,is_page],
)
box::use(
app/logic/aml1[a2]
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
public_clinical <- a2()
fluidRow(
column(3,
wellPanel(
h5("Analysis Controls"),
br(),
p("Select dataset:"),
p("Analysis Type"),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type1"),
selected = "IIb",
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$Age
),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type2"),
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$OS.time
),
actionButton(inputId = ns("caretdown7"), label = "Change query path"),
)
))
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
})}
(4)添加404页
# app/view/page_404.R
box::use(
shiny[a, div, h1, moduleServer, NS],
shiny.router[route_link],
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
div(
h1("Whoops! Something went wrong!"),
a("Back to home page", href = route_link("/"), class = "btn btn-primary btn-lg")
)
}
(5)将 UI 模块包装
# app/main.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, tagList, sidebarLayout, NS, tabPanel,bootstrapPage,tags,HTML,icon,mainPanel, sidebarPanel,fluidPage],
shiny.router[route_link, router_ui,route,router_server]
)
box::use(
app/view/Home,
app/view/page_404,
app/view/cohort
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
fluidPage(
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(
tags$nav(
class = "navbar",
tags$ul(
class = "nav navbar-nav",
tags$a(href = route_link("/"), HTML(paste0(icon("home"), "Home"))),
tags$a(href = route_link("cohort"), HTML(paste0(icon("people-group"), "cohort")))
)),
),
mainPanel(
width = 7.5,
router_ui(
route("Home", Home$ui(ns("Home"))),
route("cohort", cohort$ui(ns("cohort")))
),
)
))
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
router_server("Home") # 主页面
Home$server("Home")
cohort$server("cohort")
})
}
(6)添加按钮跳转导航
# app/view/Home.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, NS,tags,icon,tabPanel,br,column,div,tagList,observeEvent,actionButton,wellPanel,fluidRow,h2,strong,h5,selectInput],
shiny.router[route_link,change_page],
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
tabPanel("Home1", icon = icon("house"),
column(2),
column(8, tags$h2(
strong("Welcome to the Show!", style = "font-size: 1.5em;")
)),
column(2),
br(),
fluidRow(
br(),
br(),
br(),
column(2),
column(6, tagList(
wellPanel(h5("Guide",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"),
align = "left"),
wellPanel(h5("RECENT CONTENTS",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"),
align = "left"),
wellPanel(h5("Citation",
style = "font-size: 1.2em;"), align = "left")))),
fluidRow(
div(
class = "jumbotron",
h2("Click this button to check out the table:"),
actionButton(
inputId = ns("go_to_table"),
label = "cohort",
class = "btn-primary btn-lg"
)
)
))
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
observeEvent(input$go_to_table, {
change_page("cohort")
})
})}
(7)读取并显示参数
# app/view/cohort.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, NS, fluidRow, textOutput,column, renderText,tags, observeEvent,actionButton, observe,tagList,h3, wellPanel, br, selectInput, h5, p, reactive, updateSelectInput],
shiny.router[route_link, get_query_param, parse_url_path,change_page,router_server,get_page,is_page],
)
box::use(
app/logic/aml1[a2]
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
public_clinical <- a2()
fluidRow(
column(3,
wellPanel(
h5("Analysis Controls"),
br(),
p("Select dataset:"),
p("Analysis Type"),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type1"),
selected = "IIb",
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$Age
),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type2"),
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$OS.time
),
actionButton(inputId = ns("caretdown7"), label = "Change query path"),
)
))
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
router_server()
observeEvent(input$caretdown7, {
url_name <- paste0("#!/cohort?","Age=",input$analysis_type1,"&OS.time=",input$analysis_type2)
change_page(page = url_name)
print(parse_url_path(url_name))
print(get_page())
output$text2 <- renderText({ parse_url_path(url_name)$query$Age })
#parse_url_path必须有一个"url_path"
output$text3 <- renderText({ get_query_param("Age")})
output$text4 <- renderText({ get_query_param()[[1]]})
})
}
)}
在该页面如何change_page都返回"cohort"
(8)在url改变参数时改变selectinput
# app/view/cohort.R
box::use(
shiny[moduleServer, NS, fluidRow, textOutput,column, renderText,tags, observeEvent,actionButton, observe,tagList,h3, wellPanel, br, selectInput, h5, p, reactive, updateSelectInput],
shiny.router[route_link, get_query_param, parse_url_path,change_page,router_server,get_page,is_page],
)
box::use(
app/logic/aml1[a2]
)
#' @export
ui <- function(id) {
ns <- NS(id)
public_clinical <- a2()
fluidRow(
column(3,
wellPanel(
h5("Analysis Controls"),
br(),
p("Select dataset:"),
p("Analysis Type"),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type1"),
selected = "IIb",
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$Age
),
selectInput(
ns("analysis_type2"),
label = NULL,
choices = public_clinical$OS.time
),
actionButton(inputId = ns("caretdown7"), label = "Change query path"),
)
))
}
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
router_server()
observeEvent(input$caretdown7, {
age_data <- input$analysis_type1
OS.time_data <- input$analysis_type2
url_name <- paste0("#!/cohort?","Age=",age_data,"&OS.time=",OS.time_data)
change_page(page = url_name)
print(parse_url_path(url_name))
print(get_page())
output$text2 <- renderText({ parse_url_path(url_name)$query$Age })
#parse_url_path必须有一个"url_path"
output$text3 <- renderText({ get_query_param("Age")})
output$text4 <- renderText({ get_query_param()[[1]]})
})
observe({
age_1 <- get_query_param("Age")
print(age_1)
updateSelectInput(session, "analysis_type1", selected = age_1)
})
}
)}
(9)减少输出
该情况下,处于home页面时也会执行该函数并输出
# app/view/cohort.R
observe({
age_1 <- get_query_param("Age")
updateSelectInput(session,"analysis_type1", selected = age_1)
})
添加is_page后在cohort页面才执行该函数并输出
# app/view/cohort.R
#' @export
server <- function(id) {
moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
ns <- session$ns
router_server()
observeEvent(input$caretdown7, {
age_data <- input$analysis_type1
OS.time_data <- input$analysis_type2
url_name <- paste0("#!/cohort?","Age=",age_data,"&OS.time=",OS.time_data)
change_page(page = url_name)
print(parse_url_path(url_name))
print(get_page())
output$text2 <- renderText({ parse_url_path(url_name)$query$Age })
#parse_url_path必须有一个"url_path"
output$text3 <- renderText({ get_query_param("Age")})
output$text4 <- renderText({ get_query_param()[[1]]})
})
observe({
if(is_page("cohort")){
age_1 <- get_query_param("Age")
print(age_1)
updateSelectInput(session, "analysis_type1", selected = age_1)}
})
}
)}
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